The Power Of Independent Governance - 1629 Words

Topic A primary element in statehood is the quality of independent governance of its intrastate state and international duties from any external powers without which would render it a client state. The second limb of independent governance can largely be gauged by the degree of power a state has to converse with the international community and assert itself as an independent personality subservient to no other nation. Both the executive and legislative external affairs powers have evolved in lock step with one another and they should be viewed alongside each other. The external affairs power began with a narrow scope in regard to treaties with Australia as subservient to Britain on the international stage and there onwards has increased†¦show more content†¦From this the Original scope of the external affairs power was narrow and the element of the aforementioned power lay within the hands of the empire; that being the ability to enter into treaties or avoid entering into them independently. (1906) Six years after federation, Sir Isaac Isaacs then Attorney-General advised the Prime Minister on the aforesaid section with the observation that an express legislative power as to treaties would probably have enabled the Parliament to provide for the making of treaties by the Commonwealth without being expressly sanctioned by the Imperial Parliament of the Crown. At that time the Imperial Government could conclude treaties for the whole Empire. Nevertheless, he concluded that despite the removal of the reference to treaties in section 51(xxix) of the Constitution, the external affairs power still gave the Commonwealth Parliament the power to make such provision as is necessary to enable the obligation to be fulfilled . Although this was not in a judgement it was significant enough to intimate that the ‘External affairs’ power was slowly being interpreted more liberally wherefrom the powers in regards to implementing treaties was largely derived. (1911-1939) Political changes In the 1911 colonial conference, Sir Edward Grey, on behalf of the UK Government, assured the empireShow MoreRelatedThe Success Or Failure For The Walt Disney Company Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement to their organisation. 1.2 A - Definition of Corporate Governance Corporate governance is the internal and external framework of verification and counterbalance to the organisation. This framework ensures that accountability discharge to all their stakeholders by an organisation. Meanwhile, at all areas of the business activity, the organisation should act in a socially responsible way. (Solomon, 2013) Corporate governances can explain and analyse by different theories. Each theory is aRead MoreApplication Of Corporate Governance Principles For Corporate Failure1154 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of corporate governance principles prevent corporate failure (One.Tel Ltd case) Introduction an basic concepts It is notable that recalling the past two centuries and all departments of the financial system, there have been only handful failures in Australia (Davis, 2004, p. 10). In recent decades, however, some large and famous companies unexpected collapsed, such as Pyramid Building Society and most recently HIH groups and medical insurance providers UMP (Davis, 2004, p. 237). ThereRead MoreThe New Concept Of Having An Independent Director Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesCompanies Act, 2013 has given Independent directors great empowerment so as to make sure that management and affairs of the company run fairly and smoothly, at the same time making an independent director accountable for all actions taken by him. Further this Act, 2013 empowered the Independent directors to have a definite say in the management of a company, which thereby immensely strengthens the corporate governance of the country. The Act also empowers independent directors with proper checksRead MoreGood Governance in Pakistan1667 Words   |  7 PagesGood Governance in Pakistan. OUTLINES: 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Governance 3. Governance in Pakistan. 4. Failures of Governance in Pakistan 5. Causes of failures: 1. Political commotion 2. No democratic setup 3. Military intrusion 4. Feudal indulgence 5. Massive Corruption 6. Constitutional crises 7. Institutional clashes 8. Mismanagement of resources 9. Lack of Accountability 10. Over Exploitation of funds 11. Restrictions on media 12. Ethnic conflicts 13. Secterianism 14. Extremism 6 EssentialsRead MoreCorporate Governance Is A Main Point Attention Of An Organization1445 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Recently, corporate governance become a main point attention of an organisations. It include all perspective of an organization in every departure and over the economics. The advancement of cooperate governance is an important issue which complicated and rate to culture or finance variable (Mallin, 2015). Corporate governance has been considered as one of the important aspects in corporation. Corporate Governance. In the last decades years, the corporate governance is one of a substance thatRead MoreThe Standards And Corporate Governance Guidelines Of Mattel1563 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Governance Guidelines of Mattel have strict requirements or rules to evaluate and determine whether these directors on the board are independent members in Mattel. In terms of the Nasdaq director independence rules, independent or outside directors are not allowed to participate in any material and pecuniary management activities and transactions as managers or employees. In addition, executive officers and employees who work in a listed company are not able to qualify independent directorsRead MoreHong Kong Establishing an Audit Committee for Companies799 Words   |  3 Pageswholly comprosed of non-executive of directors and must at least three members. At least one of the members must be an independent non executive of director wit sufficientand appropriate financial experience. Shareholders should be provided with information about the composition, role and function of the audit committee in order to assess its effectiveness. Corporate Governance Disclosure Source Details of the composition of the audit committee, the work undertaken during the year and the numberRead MoreCaterpillar: Organizational Structure and Corporate Management Controls1092 Words   |  5 PagesSTRUCTURE/CORPORATE MANAGEMENT CONTROLS âž ¢ Corporate Governance Mission Statement: o Caterpillar’s corporate governance program ensures we serve the interests of stockholders and other stakeholders with the highest standards of responsibility, integrity and compliance with all laws. These standards are guided by our board of directors and global management team, who work to oversee the company’s actions, performance and governance policies. âž ¢ âž ¢ Announced that it is aligning itsRead MoreU.s. Corporate Governance System1325 Words   |  6 Pagescorporate governance system is maximization of shareholders value, thus executive compensation in U.S. are based on nature of the job performed and is linked to performance incentives such as bonuses or stock ownership. On the other hand, Japan and France corporate governance system objective lies on the mutual benefits of stakeholders, therefore their compensation is dependent on the achievements of the corporate overall objectives. Although all three countries uses different governance system, allRead MoreThe Rules and Principles of Corporate Governance Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate governance often refers to a set of rules and principles by which a company is directed. It provides a guideline for directing a company in order to fulfil its objective, brings added value to the enterprise, and is beneficial to the shareholders in long-term. (1) The rules and pri ncipals of corporate governance to an extent might be different in various companies, but some of these rules are similar in all the firms; such as accountability and responsibility towards the shareholders and

The Political Views Of The British Colonies - 894 Words

Life in colonial Williamsburg, Virginia exemplified what life was like in most of the colonies in America. Prior to the Revolution, the colonists were beginning to exert more independence from the Britain. Williamsburg was primed for revolution with its political views, its armory, its weaponry, and its interesting citizens. The political views of the British colonies in America were different from Britain’s views. Britain emerged from the French and Indian War with a huge amount of debt. Britain wanted to maintain its control over the British colonies in America and also wanted the colonies to help pay the debt from the War. Parliament passed several acts, one being the Stamp Act, levying taxes on the colonies. The colonists felt they had no representation in Britain and should not be taxed without representation. The colonists did not want the Stamp Act to be a precedence for future tax acts. The Virginia legislature passed resolutions against the act. Riots broke out throug hout the colonies, including Virginia. Effigies of George Mercer, the stamp distributor in Virginia, were hanged and burned. In Williamsburg, Mercer was greeted by an angry mob. The Virginia legislature in Williamsburg passed resolutions against the Stamp Act. Eventually, Parliament repealed the act. Actions by both the colonists and the British demonstrated their philosophical differences. The colonists boycotted British goods in an effort to avoid paying import taxes. Interestingly, there wasShow MoreRelatedConventional View of the American Revolution1206 Words   |  5 Pageseconomical and political reasons behind the American Revolution. The tyrannical and foreign British rulers pave the way for the Americans to rise. If we go through history of revolution, we would come to know that there were mainly thirteen colonies, showing resentment. These thirteen colonies were between South Carolina and Maine. These colonies were originally established for trade and prestige. The other colonies in the Caribbean were established for supplying sugar to the British. Historians whenRead MoreAnalysis of Jeffersons Theories1086 Words   |  4 Pagesof the people. In his bold document, Summary View of the Rights of British America, Jefferson pompously but intelligently lays down his argument against British rule over the colonies. Jefferson takes it upon himself to offer advice to King George III, who he addresses personally in this treatise. The author didactically cites historical examples of the changing role of the monarchy throughout British history. With regards to the American colonies, Jefferson argues that Great Britain has no legalRead MoreWhat Factors During The Colonial Period Essay1636 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagesindependence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The major reasons of America revolution are cultural, economic and political. Subset section SUB-SECTIONS:Read MoreThe Impact of the French and Indian War on Colonial America1065 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough the colonies were not directly tied to the war, it greatly impacted them as well as modern America. The war was primarily fought along the colonies separating New France, from Virginia to Nova Scotia. France controlled the early part of the war, rounding up British forces. It wasn’t until 1757 that Britain truly threw all its resources into the war. Britain ultimately won the war, but paid a hefty price. After the British victory in the French and Indian War, the political, economic andRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarson was writing his book leading up to 2005 in Wales, and Nellis was writing leading up to 2010 in British Columbia. Although the five-year difference in publication dates does not present any convincing possible influencers between the two authors the locational differences between the authors does present the possibility for differing influencers. Between Wales, United Kingdom, and British Columbia, Canada there will be varying pressures to present certain viewpoints, and use certain terminologyRead MoreThe Causes of the Seven Years War1814 Words   |  7 Pageswar represented an important moment in the history of the United States, despite the fact that the actual confrontation and the political disputes had included the French and the British. Although the political matters were related to the colonial issues the two sides had on the European continent, the major battlefield in this sense were disputed in the American colonies. It marked a crucial point in the creation of the United States and in defining the territorial identity of the country. CausesRead MoreCommon Sense: An Influence on American Independence Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesIndependence? Would your familys’ views, your friend’s views, or the views of a political pamphlet influence you? In the beginning of the American Revolution, a man by the name of Thomas Paine wrote a political pamphlet that would influence many Americans to fight for independence from Britain. Thomas Pain used several ideas that include government is a necessary evil, America will eventually be independent, Britain will always oppress the American Colonies to influence the American People, andRead MoreVirginia And Massachusetts Settlement : Virginia1033 Words   |  5 Pageslaws of primogeniture, many young gentlemen in the English colonies had to make their own fortune. John Rolfe implemented, â€Å"If You Don’t Work†¦You Don’t Eat.† Massachusetts was started by John Winthrop. The differences in the settlements upbringings were not the only d ifference, their views on religion helped shape the economy of both settlements. Virginia and Massachusetts both realized that they needed to have a strong economy, but their views on religion versus profit differed and resulted in differentRead MoreThe American Of The British Empire1041 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late half of the eighteenth century, the colonies of British North America were at a point in which they wanted more of their own identity and separation from Europe. Some of the colonists felt that way and others were quite content in continuing to live under Britain’s iron fist of legislation that they were imposing on the colonies. After the Seven Years War and the Proclamation Line of 1763, many colonists were outraged and began to display their emotions. The colonist protested throughRead MoreEssay on Resistance to Colonial Rule in Africa1041 Words   |  5 PagesBy the start of the 20th century, Colonial rule by both the French and the British in Southern A frica had rising expenditure costs. The British method of indirect rule in their colonies, created by Frederick Lugard to leave existing government as it is, had far lower costs than the French method of direct rule. Nonetheless taxation stood as the universal method of keeping all colonies cheap and straightforwardly ran. African’s disgust with a white man telling them to pay for the white man’s endeavors

Patrick Ching Essay Example For Students

Patrick Ching Essay English Per.312-4-96Anti-Affirmative ActionThat student was accepted because of affirmative action policies. With my first intake of the phrase, I realized that the student, whom I knew and worked with so many times, the one with such a lack of motivational ability, confidence, and ideas, was now occupying my chances towards a preferred school. Affirmative action, I soon found out, was used by President John F. Kennedy over 30 years ago to imply equality and equal access to all, disregarding race, creed, color, or national origin. As a policy setting out to resolve the problems of discrimination, Affirmative Action is simply nothing more than a quota of reverse discrimination. We will write a custom essay on Patrick Ching specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Affirmative Action emphasizes prospective opportunity more towards statistical measures. It promotes the hiring and acceptance of less experienced jobs of the workforce and less able students. Sometimes the affirmative action policies forces employers and schools to choose the best workers and less privileged students of the minority, in all, regardless of their potential lack basic skills. As remarked by Maarten de Wit, an author whos article I found on the World Wide Web, affirmative action beneficiaries are not the best pick, but only the best pick from a limited group. Another article I found, Affirmative action: A Counter-Productive Policy by Ernest Pasour also on the W.W.W., is one example which reveals that Duke, a very famous and prestigious university, adopted a resolution requiring each of its department to hire at least one new African-American for a faculty position the 1993 date. More proofs of Affirmative Action in action is the admission practices at the University of California Berkeley. In the same article by Pasour, it states that while whites or Asian-Americans need at least a 3.7 grade point average through high school to be in consideration for admission in Berkeley, most minorities with much lower standards are automatically admitted. All the preferential treatment may provide a basis for employers, employees, as well as real applicable students to fight for an end to Affirmative Action. The development of more racial tensions are yet another part of the Affirmative Action policy. Tensions between blacks and whites and other racial groups at U.S. colleges are related to preferential treatment. Tensions at the workplace also deal with the toleration of race and sex rather than individual abilities. Racial discrimination was said to have grown with the implementation Affirmative Action. Examples of black students attending North Carolina colleges stating that they were treated like affirmative action cases though they were not, conjured more of the racial discriminatory feelings. As described by the above author, Ernest Pasour, professors at those colleges already assumed that the African-American students lack the qualifications, thus always seeking to help by asking if any tutoring or other assistance is needed. Solutions to the Affirmative Action policies may be simple and complex. The example alternatives provided by Brian Sterlitz in his article, Alternatives to Affirmative Action found on the W.W.W., are: (1) rebuilding of civil society in minority communities; the strengthening of community associations, which will provide a foundation for collective development, (2) increasing minority and female applicant flow; maybe easy to accomplish with the addition of minority colleges and universities in campus recruitment programs at individual companies, and (3) most important promote broad policies for economic opportunity and security that benefit the low and middles-income Americans; Americans should work together toward broad based economic policies by consistently emphasizing broad-based, race-neutral policies. Examples may be, public investment, national health reform, an enlarged earned income, tax credit, child support assurance, and other policies benefiting families with young childr en.

Proverbs Language free essay sample

By surveying four idiom dictionaries (CCDI, LDE1, LID, OD1), I collected a total of 91 expressions, selecting the units labelled as British or without any geographical label: 69 idioms, 5 binomials, 11 similes and 6 formulae, l or each unit, I provided usage labels, when found  in dictionaries (derogatory, euphemistic, humorous, colloquial/informal, formal, dated, old-fashioned, archaic, slang, literary). The manner of arrangement chosen to present the list of data is by- phraseological type and syntactic structure. Phraseology appeared in the domain of lexicology and is undergoing the process of segregating as a separate branch of linguistics. The reason is clear- lexicology deals with words and their meanings, whereas phraseology studies such collocations of words (phraseologisms, phraseological units, idioms), where the meaning of the whole collocation is different from the simple sum of literal meanings of the words, comprising a phraseological unit. F.e. Dutch auction is not an auction taking place in Netherlands. The meaning of this phraseological unit refers to any auction, where instead of rising, the prices fall (compare Dutch comfort, Dutch courage, Dutch treat' reflecting complicated historical factors). We will write a custom essay sample on Proverbs Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phraseological units are (according to Prof. Kunin A.V.) stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings (to kick the bucket, Greek gift, drink till alls blue, drunk as a fiddler (drunk as a lord, as a boiled owl), as mad as a hatter (as a march hare)). According to Rosemarie Glaser, a phraseological unit is a lexicalized, reproducible bilexemic or polylexemic word group in common use, which has relative syntactic and semantic stability, may be idiomatized, may cam connotations, and may have an emphatic or intensifying function in a text [Glaser 1998: 125]. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Phraseology has attracted rapidly increasing interest from a wide range of language related disciplines (see Cowie 1998 for a comprehensive survey), which has yet to coalesce into an agreed set of terms and frameworks. It will be treated here within the combination rather than the neo-Firthian co-occurrence tradition of lexicology. In other words, phraseological units are identified by means of their internal form and external function rather than being observed to emerge from texts via automated analysis of their frequency of occurrence (see Howarth 1996, 1998), This approach is regarded as necessary in studies focussing on stylistic features of phraseology, which inevitably require close analysis of the production of individual speakers and writers rather than the processing of large coiporaen masse. Phraseologists no longer have to defend themselves from accusations that they are wasting their time on trivial phenomena: phraseological units of all kinds permeate everyday language use throughout all linguistic registers: in everyday speech, journalism, academic prose, literature, political or diplomatic speech and writing etc. Phraseology plays important psychological and cultural roles in language processing and social cohesiveness. The use of phraseology can be seen to contribute to clarity of expression and ease of comprehension in formal registers, and ease of linguistic composition in spontaneous speech. The use of phraseology contributes to a socially convergent style of speech or writing. Pawley (1985) points out that  «probably the large majority of customary institutions are denoted by phraseological expressions)) (101) egfront door/back door, go to church, leave school etc. Furthermore, considered reading reveals that native language users have a high degree of awareness of the stylistic potential of phraseology and sometimes of the problems it poses, even though of course they cannot generally explain what makes it salient or problematic: for example, literature: Do not for that singular interval, one moment, think that I have been overlooking this new Intoxicating Liquor Bill. I am arranging to have an amendment tabled because it appears that there is absolutely nothing else you can do with an amendment. (OBrien, 1990: 100) journalism: I found myself chatting in the train the other day to a distinguished-looking if somewhat pompous and long-winded man at one point he was adumbrating a theory about the future of Europe. I find it hard to lend credence to that, I said. You will find it impossible in a year or two, he murmured. [ j The expression will be illegal. He took it on himself to explain that the government department in which he works is planning to phase out all non-profit-making and unproductive phrases between now and 1992, and to make the English language streamlined and efficient.

Advisor vs. Adviser, Advice vs. Advise

Advisor vs. Adviser, Advice vs. Advise Advisor vs. Adviser, Advice vs. Advise Advisor vs. Adviser, Advice vs. Advise By Michael When you advise someone, you give advice. One is a verb, the other is a noun. And where does advice come from? Good advice is offered by advisers/advisors. The spelling is the only difference between those two words, and usually adviser and advisor mean the same thing. Spelling it with an e is more common, but either spelling is correct. The spellchecker in my computer marks advisor as incorrect. The words advice and advise can be confused. As I just said, one is a verb, the other is a noun. Fortunately, theyre spelled slightly differently and pronounced slightly differently. Advice, spelled with a c, has an s sound. Advise, spelled with an s, has a z sound. When the word is spelled with a c, its advice, a noun a recommendation of what to do. When the word is spelled with an s, its advise, a verb to give a recommendation of what to do. Too bad theyre not both spelled phonetically. It would be nice if we could be talking about advise vs advize. But we cant. There is no such word as advize. Or advicer. These words can be somewhat formal: How would you advise me? is less casual than What do you think I should do? And the word adviser is even more formal, especially with the less common spelling of advisor. Heads of state have advisers to help them make decisions. In the medieval Islamic world, they were called viziers, and theoretically the Ottoman sultan governed only through the Grand Vizier. Of course, heads of state are not the only ones who need advice. Advice can be minor, as in If you want my advice, pick up a crab behind the head, and not always major, as in My advice is to never fight a land war in Asia. But if someone advises you that your shoelace is untied, you wouldnt call them your adviser. Definitions of Advise, Advice and Adviser advice a recommendation, a wise suggestion of what to do. Good advice will help you as long as you listen to it and follow it. advise to give advice, to counsel, to suggest or recommend a proper course of action. adviser/advisor someone who gives advice, counsel, or guidance, often in an official capacity. Right/Wrong Examples of the Use of Advise and Advice Right: I would advise people not to step on bees with their bare feet. (Advise is a verb. Saying I would advise is more deferential than I advise because it does not directly tell someone what they should do.) Wrong: I adviced him to bet on the old gray nag in the second race. (There is no such verb as adviced, and old horses usually dont win races.) Right: My advice is not to step on a bee with your bare feet. (Correct, advice is a noun and can be given away.) Wrong: If you want my advise, dont you step on bees at all. (Advise is not a noun, so you cant give it to someone. Otherwise, good advice.) Right: His advisers cautioned him to wear shoes. (An adviser tries to give helpful recommendations.) Wrong: I hired one of those so-called fashion advicers but they were too fancy for me. (Its adviser not advicer.) Where Did These Words Come From? When I started writing this article, I was sure I knew the origins of these words. I was sure there was an ancient Latin word advisere, from the Latin roots ad to, toward and visere to see. The prefix ad appears in adhere stick to and admire gaze, look at. But maybe I was wrong. First of all, the Latin word for to see is videre, not visere. But I was ready to explain that an adviser helps you see more clearly, and so on. More likely, these words come from the French. The word vis usually meant face, but it also meant opinion. Phrases such as à §o mest vis or il m’est avis que mean In my view or It seems to me that By the late 14th century in England, avis gained the meaning of opinion worth listening to, counsel worth following. But around the 16th century, English scholars must have said, Those French people are spelling it wrong. It must have come from the Latin word advisere and needs a d. Norwegians must have made the same assumption, or else borrowed the English assumption, because the Norwegian word for to advise is advisere. By the way, though an vizier was an adviser, that word has a different origin: the Arabic wazir one who carries [the burdens of government]. We can thank the editors and printers of early modern England for giving different spellings to advise and advice and to other easily-confused noun/verb pairs, using s for verbs and c for nouns. Some of these distinctions have been lost in American English: in practice/practise and license/licence, we use the first spelling for both verbs and nouns. Is There a Difference between Adviser and Advisor? Both spellings mean the same thing, though adviser is more common. But there is a technical difference when talking about financial advisors. First, let me point out that trademark laws inspire new spellings and phrases. You cant trademark a common word. If you mix alcoholic drinks behind a bar, I guess that makes you a bartender, and if youre doing the work of a bartender, the International Bartenders Association wont keep you from calling yourself one, even if youre not a member of their association. But if they invented an uncommon term, such Certified Liquor Technician, they could trademark that title, and allow only their members to use it. For example, in America, the National Association of REALTORS ® has trademarked the word Realtor. Usually such a word would end with er not or, though this spelling was used in Congress as early as 1919, and mocked in Sinclair Lewiss novel Babbit in 1922. But using the less-common spelling, and especially capitalizing it, makes it more proprietary. After all, any licensed people who sell buildings or land, or who help people buy buildings or land, can call themselves real estate agents. In Britain, they are called estate agents. But only members of the National Association of REALTORS ® can call themselves realtors. By all means, dont call yourself a realter that word means to alter again. Wait, that might work in the home remodeling industry. In fact, an expert at home remodeling can become a Certified Graduate Remodelor (CGR) but only after meeting the requirements set by the Remodelors Council. Note the o again. In the United States, the â€Å"Investment Advisers Act of 1940† regulates investment advisers. Note the spelling. So if you advise people about how to keep a budget or to get out of debt, you might want to call yourself an advisor to make it clearer that youre not selling advice about stocks and bonds. If you’re a stock broker youre helping people to buy stocks but not telling them what to buy you might call yourself an â€Å"advisor.† But if youre a Registered Investment Adviser and really do provide investment advice, it doesnt matter how you spell it or what you call it: you would be subject to that 1940 law (if youre working in the United States I havent actually read the law). The Relationship of Advise, Advice, and Adviser You can often turn a verb about doing something into a noun about a person who does it, by adding -er to the end of the verb. For example, the verb to farm is an activity done by a farmer. A farmer farms. He or she practices farming. We can do that with the verb advise by adding er or or, Advising is done by an adviser. Advisers advise. Advisers give advice. It may seem like advice is a noun that has a verb form, but its really the other way around. The verb advise came first, Advice is the result of advising. Thats why there are advisers but not advicers. Like -er, the word endings -or or even -ar can also be used to make a noun that means someone who does something, who practices a verb. A director directs, an editor edits, and an educator educates. A beggar begs, a liar lies, and a burglar burgles (well, he does). Sometimes the original verb has become obscured by time. In classical Latin, a doctor was a teacher, someone who practiced the verb docere, to teach. But these three endings are not always related to verbs. They can also be used for someone associated with something a prisoner lives in a prison, a jeweler works with jewelry, a registrar keeps a registry. Advice vs Advise Quiz For each sentence, select which word should be used: 1. The Secretary of War gave his [advice/advise]: it would not be smart to deploy their full army to one area. advise advice 2. Teachers will [advice/advise] you that doing your homework will improve your grades. advise advice 3. I do not [advice/advise] letting children play in the woods without taking a bath afterwards. advise advice 4. When his [advice/advise] caused his client to lose half his savings, the investment adviser lost his client. advise advice Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid50 Synonyms for "Assistant"The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

How to Choose a Thesis Topic

How to Choose a Thesis Topic How to Choose a Thesis Topic Writing a thesis is an exciting part of your academic career. Not only is it an opportunity for you to display your mastery of the field, it’s also a chance to contribute to the knowledge of the topic in your discipline. Choosing your thesis topic is the first major step in your journey as a researcher. A well-chosen topic often leads to a study that is timely, relevant, and meaningful. Here are some tips to keep in mind when coming up with your thesis topic. Start with a broad idea When brainstorming on your thesis topic, start with a general idea of what you want to cover. Think of a particular topic in your field that interests you and best suits your field of study. Read on relevant literature Once you’ve selected a topic, collect articles relating to that topic. Read up on these articles and take notes. One expert note-taking process consists of: Creating a table with four columns. In the first column, write down all the main ideas relevant to the topic you chose. In the second column, list down all of the supporting ideas of each main idea. In the third column, list the original references or citations used by the article you are reading. In the last column, list your remarks or notes regarding the main idea. Determine gaps in all available literature While you’re going through articles of related literature, you may begin to notice topics that no other researcher has examined. A thesis paper is basically about â€Å"filling in the gaps of the literature† in your field. These gaps may include a certain group that has not been studied, or variables that may not have been previously considered. You can also find gaps in literature by reading the recommendation section of other research papers. Narrow down your topic Once you’ve determined possible gaps in the available literature of your chosen topic, decide which gaps you’d like to include in your own thesis topic. The topic you ultimately choose must possess the following qualities: It must be timely and address relevant issues that your field is currently facing. It is based on a logical rationale that is tied to an established theory. The variables are clearly stated. It must contribute to the existing body of knowledge available in your field. Choosing your thesis topic is only the first step of the journey. Writing your thesis can be a challenging journey, with many ups and downs throughout the process. Everything from the introduction to the conclusion of your paper must be well-written and grounded, producing a strong piece that is valuable to your chosen discipline. If you have made the first step in choosing your topic, but require assistance with writing your thesis, call . You can reach us at (647) 436-7280 for our Toronto and GTA location, (587) 880-4707 for our Calgary location, and (604) 245-5865 for our Vancouver location. You can also reach us toll-free at 1-800-573-0840.

Film theory, Third Cinema, First Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film theory, Third Cinema, First Cinema - Essay Example The film contained many symbolisms, which, according to Loomba are necessary in imagining nationhood and building nations (215). In the film, the British were depicted as the savior, keeping Africans from destruction and keeping the colonies from descending in chaos and savagery. The scenes of chaos, savagery and the wilderness of Africa, for instance, all supported the rationalization of Britain's imperialism. The narrative also sought to rewrite many African emblems and history in order to suit what Stam and Shohat called the colonialist norms. The rewriting of Bosambo from a tribal leader and good friend to a good servant in the film is a case in point. It reinforced the notion that blacks are incapable of self-determination. Gender bias was also present. The filmmaker insinuated that the deeply parochial Commissioner Sanders, who considered women as a distraction in his mission, was the ideal character to effectively lead the imperialist agenda in Africa. In Indochine, the imperi alist tone is less pronounced. Its biases were more subtle, perhaps owing to the period it was made. Racist discourses are not overt or contained in the actual language: the roles and visual language insinuated them instead. For instance, while the protagonist – the Frenchwoman Eliane – was strong, independent and capable, such commendable gender treatment was not true in her Indochinese counterparts. It reinforced the suggestion of inferiority. This is also true n the contrast between the visual representation of the French and Indochinese societies as punctuated in sweeping cinematography wherein one basks in a scene of grandeur and the other in desolation. It showed the Eurocentrism, which imply that an being or becoming European is the only way to begin the onward march to reason or an elevation towards better values (Stam and Shohat, 15-16). 2. It is important to highlight first that the Third Cinema differentiates itself from the Hollywood (First Cinema) and the European films (Second Cinema). It focuses on a political position, particularly those about independence, decolonization and imperialism as opposed to cinema as a capitalist product or as an art (Alea, 112-113). The Battle of Algiers is an important example of this tradition. In the depiction of the Algerian struggle for independence from France, three important characteristics of Third Cinema were prominent. First there was the use of cinematic devices to present truth instead of fiction. For instance, there were no embellishments with regards to presenting the story. Although the film was sympathetic to the revolutionaries it also included the atrocities that they committed. There were also no heroes to romanticize. The film gave importance to the contribution of the ordinary people in the success of the revolution. In one scene, there were Arab women dressed in European clothes in a mission to plant bombs. Secondly, the filmmaker presented the film in such a way that created a s ocial experience. As it depicted a social upheaval, the emphasis was given on the masses and their actions. For example, the actions of the main players in the film were often composed in populous places like the Casbah and Algiers. Then, instead of using popular actors, the filmmaker did not hire stars (with the exception of Jean Martin) or professional actors

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Accounting - Essay Example 285). The UK being an active member of the European Union has not been left behind in the adoption process. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has been adopted as a basis for financial reporting by a significant number of countries worldwide. The main of the UK companies adopting the IFRS is to improve the quality of the information on the corporate performance. However, while the advantages of a common set of global reporting standards are recognized, there are a number of implementation challenges at the international and national levels if the objective of an improved and harmonized reporting system is to be achieved (Tosen, 2006, pg. 99). Today, International Financial Reporting Standards has been the main subject of discussion especially among numerous financial experts. The debate has been on how changes in the way the companies can file their financial statements and records can the enforced. Adoption of IFRS has enabled companies to swap from GAAP which depends largely on the size of the company. Transition from GAAP to IFRS has therefore helped companies to efficiently adapt the new regulations (Sale et al, 2007, pg. 114). This in turn has provided a number of benefits to the countries that its member companies have adopted the IFRS. The benefits of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards can be examined not only from the reporting quality position but also from the economic perspective. These benefits include: The transition to IFRs has provided the companies with many perks. The most beneficial part of adopting IFRS has been consistency. Most companies in the world especially in the UK use this policy because it has high level of consistency and Canada too is in the process of setting up plans so that they can adopt it as well because of this benefit. It is therefore advisable that many countries should enforce this policy because it gives the member

The Nature of Science Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Science Essay Science plays an important role in development of mankind, its cultural and technological progress. Science helps humanity to understand natural phenomena and biological changes, evolutionary processes and shifts. Science can be defined as a particular way of knowledge and perception of the world and human beings based on historical information, hypotheses and experiments. Biology and Earth Sciences allows researchers to understand the evolution of species, explain natural phenomena and predict possible changes in the Universe. In fact, the revolutionary changes are invariably prompted by contradictions which occur when the previous concepts are applied to particular phenomena, and it is in the attempts to remove these contradictions that the changes are made. Science can be seen as the criterion of truth. Science is logic of discovery as well as of confirmation. Seeking to reconstruct what happened in the past, Biology and Earth Sciences must and do take as data only presently available written reports, and the presently surviving physical remnants of antiquity; and part of the interest of the research lies in its relevance to present and future situations somehow related to those of the past (Gierer 2000). Science is not a self-contained or self-sustaining activity. The most important it is conducted only in a community that has reached a certain level of intellectual development, which involves and implies social organization, culture, art, and religion, as well as philosophy. Biology and Earth Sciences are closely connected with and depend upon historical progress and cultural development of society which determine that main trends and direction in experiments and research. For instance, during the Middle Ages, Biology and Earth Sciences were influenced by inquisition and dominance of theological doctrines while at the end of 17th-18th century these sciences flourished because of new economic conditions and separation of church and the state. These examples show that Biology and Earth Sciences are part of a culture and cannot exist apart from it. For a long time, people supposed that Earth was flat and the stars related directly to the earth. When humans mastered the cosmos (1961), it has opened a new era in scientific discoveries and the evolution of knowledge. A link between culture, society and biology is evident in current analysis of social settings and impact of biological perquisites on humans: â€Å"One way of asserting the relevance of â€Å"biology for understanding human social behavior is to propose that our understanding of human activities can be greatly enhanced by specific consideration of humans as evolved species shaped by processes of natural selection† (Freese et al 233). In Earth Sciences, scientists can achieve control in the laboratory where results are reproducible. In both Biology and Earth Sciences, the course of science may solve the puzzles researchers have encountered in the application of their theories, anomalies and contradictions arise. For instance, â€Å"serious scientific debates about the neo-Darwinist synthesis as the overarching explanation of the origins of our species are, in the larger scheme of things, disagreements over details† (Freese et al 234). Today, Earth scientists argue about the impact of global warming on population and climate change. These research fields are determined by cultural conditions and historical importance for the mankind. In many cases, changes in philosophical and cultural paradigms paralyze the advance of knowledge producing a crisis which is only removed when eventually a revolution occurs in the thinking and practice of scientists with the introduction of a new conceptual scheme (Gierer 2000). In sum, the nature if science is determined by historical, cultural and philosophical paradigms and the discoveries of the scientists made during a particular period of time. Accepting these restraints on his freedom, the scientist secures to himself the protection given by the community of others who accept the same canons of science and scientific knowledge. References Gierer, A. (2000). On Modern Science, Human Cognition and Cultural Diversity.   Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. Retrieved 20 March 2007 www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P137.pdf Freese, J., Li, Jui-Chung Allen, Wade, L.D. (2003). The Potential Relevances of Biology to Social Inquiry. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, pp. 233-235.

Culture and Race Essay -- Anthropology Sociology Essays

Culture and Race Anthropologists have always had their discrepancies with the word culture and its background significance. There have been numerous definitions that have filtered through the field, yet not one that everyone can accept or agree with. Franz Boas, an anthropologist in the early 20th Century, and his students, had a difficult time figuring out the objective of what culture is. Culture is about learning and shared ideas about behaviour. Although Boas and his students had a slightly different idea in mind. They ultimately reached a conclusion, a definition of culture in their view that is a contradiction in terms. Boas sates that, â€Å" culture was expressed through the medium of language but was not reducible to it; more importantly, it was not race. Culture became everything race was not, and race was seen to be what culture was not; given, unchangeable biology,† (Visweswaran, p. 72). Not only focusing on culture, but anthropology has a substantial connection as well. Anthropology is the field in which the study of cultural and biological variations among human groups is studied. The difficulty that some people have with characterizing culture is that they associate it with race, whereas that is not the case. The two are remarkably distinct. Race is something biological, a genetic trait that is innate, while culture is something that is educated and experienced. Kamala Visweswaran and Lila Abu-Lughod are two well distinguished anthropologists that are currently teaching at Universities in the United States. In their own articles, they speak about culture through an anthropologists view and detail their own opinions within. They may have some different opinions but each has their own strong arguments that prove their points. Lila Abu-Lughod’s article â€Å"Writing Against Culture,† was written in 1991, and was published inside the book, Recapturing Anthropology. Within the article, she discusses culture and many problems with it. The title of her article speaks for itself, writing against culture. There are many issues that she brings up about culture, and various influential strategies for shifting over from the culture concept. She reflects on culture and its need to be redefined. In her discussion of culture and difference she opens with, â€Å" most American anthropologists believe or act as if †culture,† notoriously r... ...s. With this new connection to anthropology, the American Anthropological Association, â€Å" passed a resolution denouncing Nazi racism: â€Å" Anthropology provides no scientific basis for discrimination against any people on the ground of racial inferiority, religious affiliation or linguistic heritage, â€Å" (Visweswaran, p. 71). â€Å"The solution is not to replace culture with race but to keep the two terms in contructivist tension with one another,† (Visweswaran, p. 79). Anthropology cannot strive without culture, yet there must be a distinction with race. Culture is something that society is taught and learned, while race is something biological, and something to be proud of. Boas and his ideas were not yet educated as to what culture means. He was overlooking and only saw his own perspective. Culture creates this diverse world and in turn race creates life with culture. Works Cited: Abu-Lughod, Lila. (1991) Writing Against Culture. Recapturing Anthropology. Richard Fox, ed. P, 137-162. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press. Visweswaran, Kamala. (March, 1998) Race and the Culture of Anthropology. American Anthropologist. p. 70-83. American Anthropological

An American Tragedy: How a Good Company Died Essay

This case study tells us the story of Burgmaster Corp which is a machine tool maker company. Burgmaster was a thriving enterprise by 1965, when annual sales amounted to about $8 million. Although it needed backing to expand, it sold out to Buffalo-based conglomerate Houdaille Industries Inc. The case study also, inform us too many machine- tool and auto parts factories are silent, too many U.S. industries still can’t hold their own. Holland uses Burgmaster’s demise to explore some key issues of economic and trade policy. The LBO chocked off Burgmaster’s investment funds when foreign competition made them most necessary. Houdaille’s charge that a cartel led by the Japanese government had injured U.S. tool makers. Holland offers plenty of ammunition by creating enormous pressure to generate cash. Burgmaster pushed its products out as fast as possible. It shipped defective machines . It promised customers features that engineers hadn’t yet designed. The External Forces for Burgmaster Corp Demise : 1- The Government policies : tax laws and macroeconomics policies that encourage LBOs and speculation instead of productive investment. 2- Pentagon procurement policies for favoring exotic, custom machines over standard, low cost models. 3- The indusrial policy: Domestic tool makers were too complacent when imports seized the lower end of the product line, the ill prepared for change and struggling to restructure. 4- A cartel led by the Japanese government had injured U.S. tool makers. 5- Foreign competition made. The Internal Forces for Burgmaster Corp Demise : 1- The system for computerizing production scheduling was too crude . 2- High cost and much expensive machines  3- Defective machines as a result of pushing products as fast as possible without regarding to quality and customers’ needs 4- NO Cash to fund process and procedures to face competition. 5- No formula was a substitute for management involvement on the shop floor . 6- A dramatic depiction of supply snafus that resulted in delays and cost increases. The role of the operations management in that demise: Companies must be competitive to sell their goods and services in the marketplace. This company didn’t follow the operations management principles or functions in its three major departments : finance , operations and marketing. Burgmaster Corp didn’t identify customer needs. It didn’t follow the policy of low price and high quality.   It didn’t be able to reflect joint efforts of product snd service design . No match between financial resources , operations capabilities , supply chains and consumer needs. It didn’t follow inventory strategy to be competitive . It neglected operations strategy. It didn’t develop productivity measures for all operations. It didn’t develop methods for achieving productivity improvements such as : soliciting ideas from workers and reexamining the way work is done.

Information System Proposal

Information Systems Proposal BIS/220 Computer Information Systems Table of Contents Introduction3 Understanding the market challenges3 Internal operations and External operations3 Information Technology Comparison chart4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks4 Bullets of successful strategy5 References6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for many ingenious strategies to remain afloat. As companies enter into the market they can become easily consumed, overwhelmed and sometimes unnoticeable.Opening business doors as a nostalgic record store immediately identifies a consumer demand, in efforts of remaining competitive and ultimately in business. As many internal operations are facets to efficient workplace process equating to fiscal conservatism, there are also many external factors that are paralleled. This proposal shall outline the effectiveness and detriments of many technologies and information systems that remain current in the market fo r small businesses today.After reviewing the consumer market drive for record store inventory, results have demonstrated the most effective method to liquidate the product inventory would be marketing. By streamlining an effective marketing campaign and a competitive edge strategy the company would have the ability to target specific audience within the context of the company’s products. With the multitude of genres that would be cataloged into inventory, marketing demographics would contribute to the localities, regions and venues in which the marketing campaign would be presented.Although this level of marketing efforts may appear to be complex and over budget. Information systems and technology have streamlined the process and paired cost effectiveness and efficiency into a user friendly simplistic process. As the internal operation of the process weigh heavily- on and rely-on the bottom-line, these operations should be developed and created on strategies of efficiency. Es tablishing a sustainable approach to developing an efficient process begins with a technological platform. From the inception of the business to stages of growth, massive catalogs of data will be compiled, retrieved and ultimately stored.The process to disseminate information, transmit and receive will determine how efficient internal operations are performing. The performance of these operations will also determine the growth or decline of the bottom-line. The approach to offset any negative trending prior to the occurrence would be found within the interest of a database. The database technology can maintain many functions of time and attendance which may offset many incurred cost through payroll and processing. A time and attendance database will also prevent human error through automated recording and time monitoring updating.Many of these databases also provide ad hoc reporting cataloging inventory and summarizing accounts payable and receivables. This method of reporting saves a tremendous amount of time and possibly salaried positions. This maintains inventory and process determining a more accurate bottom-line to produce more accurate accounts sales and inventory purchase orders. These databases provide cost saving measures through staff reduction, lowered overhead and fiscally accountable approaches. The table below (table 1. 1) identifies a comparison of the benefits of a system delivery of benefits. Table 1. 1Information SystemReal-time UpdatePromotional SalesReviewer ControlsMicro BloggingDirect User interfaceAd Hoc ReportingTime and AttendanceEmployee Record Retention Twitter Facebook Web-site KRONOS Legiant Information systems and technology comparison chart Twitter is a technology that has revolutionized the means in which businesses can interact with their clients. It has reduced the cost of marketing campaigns and has given clients more personalized customer service. The Twitter platforms functions as a micro blog whereas users can share thoug ht, ideas and opinions on a real-time display.This has connected companies, employees, client and customers to understand up –to-date news and reviews. This form of technology is of optimal cost effectiveness requiring no fees for registration. With Twitters massive member base, it also holds great opportunity for business advertising for a nominal fee; however, your adverting is in your message. When you post your Tweet (micro blog), its free of charge and the substance of your message will attract followers. Facebook is an excellent technological marketing platform with optimal cost effectiveness and efficient process to monitor the marketing content for the business.This platform is designed to collaborate through group sharing on a intergraded network that will allow users to view current genres of music selections, upcoming events and allow customers to post reviews directly to an individual Facebook webpage designed exclusively for the record store. Facebook will limit the cost of print materials, postage and customer service inquiries by capturing marketing analysis onto this massive database. For more strategic approaches to marketing efforts, the record store can post a professional advertisement to the massive member base, for a nominal fee, and attract customers from many different platforms.Website is information systems and technology merged and stored onto one computer system called a server that host all activity which is posted for the store. This serves as the ultimate platform for marketing, databases and record retention. There is an immediate cost for the server; however, it can be proven to be very cost effective for long-term usage. The computer server will assist in efficient correspondence through creating e-mails accounts for employees. Customer inquiry e-mail accounts can be established in addition to websites for internet use.With purchase of this system the company will save from hosting fees, web page management fees, spacin g and trafficking fees. Computer servers are also an excellent technology to host other databases that may require large amounts of storage space on a computer system and also serves as a repository for internal record retention and centralized databases on share drives. Capturing the essence of what will make this business successful is: †¢Interfacing with clients †¢Business to Business †¢Business to customers †¢Internal Business ProcessWith these aspects in mind it brings us to the internal operations of efficiency. KRONOS time and attendance information system database allows the company to maximize its time when human resource operations are of use. This database captures the time and attendance of all employees and salaried workers that report to the office within an automated process. KRONOS features ad hoc reporting which allows the administrator (authorized account user) to draw information that reports how many hours where worked within pay cycles.It als o maintains employee records to synchronize their worked time and post accrued vacation leave and generates payroll information for check processing. KRONOS is based upon licensing term and can impact the bottom-line during it interim use; however, this system can also reduce staff positions which can off-set the incurred fee. For a more conservative approach to the bottom-line while still attending to the features of KRONOS, LEGANT is a more cost effective solution of time and attendance information systems.Although it features are more limited than KRONOS it still serves as an excellent source of information system that can off-set impact to the bottom-line and time effectiveness. Information systems and technology ultimately maximizes the efficiency and productivity of a company and to the success of all companies I would recommend the implementation of these systems. The technologies and systems outlined in this proposal represent strategic measures for successful engagement to a customer client base which collaborate customer services to product and company quality.

The Rainmaker Essays (500 words) - The Rainmaker, John Grisham

The Rainmaker Essays (500 words) - The Rainmaker, John Grisham The Rainmaker The Rainmaker Enticing readers and basically giving people something good to read, John Grisham is an established star in literature. What makes his books so great is that they are so realistic. He applies his personal law and trial knowledge into the books he writes. Put together with creative story telling, his makes his novels hard to put down. The Rainmaker starts with the last semester of law school for Rudy Baylor. He was assigned to give free advice to a group of seniors. It is at that very time, and that very place, that Rudy encounters his first and most important clients, Dot and Buddy Black. A powerful insurance company with millions of dollars has apparently swindled them. They have caused the suffering and inevitable death of a young man, Dot and Buddys son. The coverage that was obliged was not issued, and Donny Ray, stricken by Leukemia, therefore lost his chance to live. This case plays out for a matter of months, while the broke Rudy Baylor rents a room from one of his clients, a Mrs. Birdy Birdsong. He is also forced to work for a felonious lawyer when the firm he was going to be initiated into merges with a larger one. Eventually, he goes to head with one of Americas most experienced and accomplished defense attorneys. From the beginning of the novel to the last word, Rudy is plagued with a series of mishaps and problems. When something looks bright the clouds come rolling in. However, as the big trial begins, he is assigned to a judge that is definitely on his side and twelve jury members who believe in the same morals as Rudy. After researching Great Benefit, the insurance company, Rudy discovers cover-ups in the company. He also discovers Great Benefits harsh way of making their numerous mistakes disappear. He enters all the facts he has discovered and uses them to help solidify his position in the minds of the jurors. Meanwhile, Rudy discovers a beaten girl at the hospital during some studying. Her husband has repeatedly beaten her with a bat. Rudy know that these beatings will continue, but the eighteen-year-old girl is afraid. John Grisham does not maintain a single story, but instead creates numerous events so that the reader does not get bored with the main story. By the last few chapters, the reader cannot put the book down, and is forced to read the exciting conclusion, which I will not spoil. I have read many books by John Grisham, because I enjoy his writing style immensely. He writes conspiracies, which some authors make unbelievable, and action that is realistic. The reader believes what he is reading can actually happen, so this contributes to the illusion of reality. In The Rainmaker, Grisham has woven his talent into the storyline and created a powerful, and at times humorous tale of one young lawyers quest for fame, fortune, and most importantly, happiness. Bibliography the rainmaker notes and book

How to Use Hyphens in Spanish

How to Use Hyphens in Spanish Beginning Spanish students, at least those who speak English as a first language, have a tendency to overuse hyphens. Hyphens (known as guiones) are used much less in Spanish than they are in English. They are used infrequently in the written form of everyday speech, finding use most often in journalese and in writing of a less casual nature. The primary time hyphens are used in Spanish is to combine two adjectives or two nouns of equal status to form a compound word. This principle should be made clear by the following examples: Es un curso teà ³rico-prctico. (It is a course thats theoretical and practical.)relaciones sino-estadounidenses (Chinese-U.S. relations)el vuelo Madrid-Paris (the Madrid-to-Paris flight)literatura hispano-rabe (Spanish-Arabic literature)Los pà ©talos son blanco-azules. (The petals are bluish white.) Note, as in some of the above examples, that the second adjective in compound adjectives formed in this way agrees in number and gender with the noun being described, but the first adjective typically remains in the singular masculine form. An exception to the above rule occurs when the first part of the compound form uses a shortened form of a word rather than a word that could stand alone. The shortened form then functions something like a prefix, and no hyphen is used. An example is sociopolà ­tico (socio-political), where socio is a shortened form of sociolà ³gico. Hyphens can also be used to join two dates, as in English: la guerra de 1808-1814 (the war of 1808-1814). When Hyphens Are Not Used in Spanish Here are some examples of cases where hyphens are not used in Spanish where they are used (or can be, depending on the writer) in English: Numbers: veintiuno (twenty-one), veintiocho (twenty-eight)Words formed with prefixes: antifascista (anti-fascist), antisemitismo (anti-Semitism), precocinar (pre-cook), cuasilegal (quasi-legal)Words or phrases formed by two words that dont have the same status: hispanohablante (Spanish-speaking), bienintencionado (well-meaning), amor propio (self-respect) Finally, it is common in English to combine two words and hyphenate them to form a compound modifier, especially when preceding a noun. Usually, such words are translated as a phrase or single word in Spanish or arent translated word for word. Examples: Well-informed citizenry (ciuidadanà ­a bien informada)Sub-zero temperatures (temperaturas bajo cero)Good-natured person (persona bondadosa)Man-eating tiger (tigre que come hombres)High-intelligence individuals (individuos de alta inteligencia)

Global Agri-Food Supply Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Agri-Food Supply Management - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the world is facing a growth in population. This growth in population calls for more food to be produced while practicing sustainability. This has put the supply agri-food supply chain under immense pressure as they try to keep up with the ever-rising population. The supply chain needs to be more efficient than ever in order to reduce food wastage. This has created room for various players within the industry to come up with innovations to solve these existing problems. Practicing sustainability is among one of the innovations. McDonald's is a company that largely relies on the agri-food chain. Recently the company has come up with various innovations with the aim of promoting sustainability. Due to the changes in world climate, growth in population, as well as the ever-rising cost of energy, the company’s management, has come with some innovations. This is part of the company’s effort to protect the ecosystem, promote the viability of farming to ensure the resources will be available for the future generations. In their attempt to promote sustainable sourcing, the company has come up with the following programs. Beef sustainability, sustainable packaging, recycling, supporting sustainable fisheries, sustainable coffee, sustainable logistics and sustainable poultry farming are some of those programs, One of the major challenges facing the agri-food supply chain is antibiotic resistance in food. This has led to a wide range of foodborne diseases. There have also been weeds that have proved to be pesticide and herbicide resistance. A good example is a pigweed that has become resistance and researchers claim that it will take close to five years to come up with an herbicide that will be able to deal with the pigweed menace. Another challenge is the reduction in insect pollinator population. This has directly affected food production as pollination is necessary for a good harvest.

Business Strategy and Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy and Policy - Case Study Example ents are readily available, a majority of those afflicted with the disease go untreated because health insurance companies refuse to pay at all or just part a certain percentage (Walters & Rotgers, 2012).  This makes some of the victims to end up being homeless, while others may die an early death in response to a missed opportunity for treatment due to the health insurance companies’ neglect and discrimination on the issue (Walters & Rotgers, 2012).   Substance abuse comprises of two main types of addictions namely drug addiction and alcoholism.   Drug addiction refers to the dependence on a street drug or on an over the counter medication while alcoholism is the dependence on alcohol. In this context, alcohol is referred to as a drug since it fits the description of a drug, which is defined as any substance that alters normal human homeostasis.   Once an individual is addicted to a substance, he or she cannot avoid using it irrespective of their desires to stop the habit because of the harm it might be causing to them. The American Medical Association (AMA) defines drug addiction and alcoholism as some of the major lifestyle diseases in the 21st century that may be a result of genetics, environment, or upbringing. There are numerous approaches that are applied in administering substance abuse treatment. However, some of these treatment methods are ineffective because they neglect not only the substance abuse dependency but also other causative factors such as comorbid mental illness and or any previous traumatic events that may have occurred in the individuals past that may have contributed to the substance abuse. Applications of such ineffective strategies leave substance abuse victims still struggling to maintain sobriety and have a successful life with stability and security in all aspects. An effective substance abuse treatment in individuals with any other causative factors must be inclusive of all factors and illnesses to be effective not only

Assess and comment on presentations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assess and comment on presentations - Essay Example The presentation fails to define natural language and conversational interface, which are two key terms that should not be left undefined because we, the audience, need to understand the presenter’s scope of definition. Other limiting sections of the presentation are the First Street Investments example that does not fully capture the concept of natural language and conversational interfaces, and the use of only two references by the author. The researcher should have used at least six references to add depth to his arguments. 2/5 – use of a good example and good definition of a key term. The lack of a definition for natural language and conversational interface, limits our ability to fully evaluate the author’s understanding of these key terms. Limited use of references. The first item we notice is a wrong presentation title. The title is not appropriate because a communication interface need not necessarily be a conversation interface. Graphical interfaces are also communication interfaces and from the presentation the author restricts himself to conversation interfaces. Another concern is that the presentation is unnecessarily lengthy probably because of redundancy for example conversation interface is defined in slide 3 and 12, and the slides look clumsy from too much wording. Nevertheless, one of the biggest strengths of the presentation is the definition of key terms - natural language, conversation interface and natural language – and the presenters discipline in restricting his/her conversation within the given boundaries. Based on the author’s definition of both natural language and conversation interface the example provided about a webpage is appropriate. However, we notice that half of the resources used for reference are pr e year 2000. The presenter should seek more current references to work with. The presentation structure and skill utilized here

Issues in American Electoral System

Issues in American Electoral System John Palenschat   WORST CASE SCENARIO RESEARCH AND REFLECTION PAPER Like many other Americans, the election of Donald Trump was one of the worst things I could imagine happening. Even now, I am puzzled as to why Donald Trump was elected because a majority of voters view him unfavorably (Pew, 2017). So just how did he get elected? The point of a democratic election is to represent the will of voters in choosing an executive. With so many dissatisfied with the results of the election, one must wonder if our current electoral system is fulfilling its stated purpose. Might there be something wrong with the way elections are held now? [G1][G2] I did some research and have come to several conclusions: namely, that our current system of First Past the Post consistently leads to elections for candidates that are generally unfavored by the majority of the population (Pew, 2016). I believe that the United States should, as an incremental reform, generally adopt ranked choice voting: in order to reduce vote splitting, voter disenfranchisement, and to reduce the negativity of campaigning. Right now, most elections in the United States utilize First Past the Post voting, which is a system of elections in which an individual voter has only one vote and is allowed to vote for only one candidate (Aceproject, 2017). This system has a big flaw. People may vote for a candidate that they may not necessarily prefer in order that they do not split the vote in favor of an opponent. In the 2000 Presidential election, Republican George W. Bush beat Democrat Al Gore by less than 600 votes in the decisive Florida election. Green Party candidate Ralph Nader received over 100,00 votes in Florida. [G3]While he may not have spoiled the election, surveys indicate that people who voted for Nader probably would have voted for Gore had they known how tight the race would be (Jones, 2004). This event has had serious consequences for the American people. For example, a Gore administration might not have invaded Iraq in 2003, which destabilized the region and cost US taxpayers over $2 Trillion dollars (Trotta, 2013). Modern voters are cognizant of the results of that election and have adjusted their votes accordingly. As a result, voters now do not necessarily vote for their first choice. There has to be a better way. As I looked for an alternative voting method to First Past the Post, I discovered a system called Ranked Choice voting (RCV). RCV is a system of elections in which electors rank the candidates in the order of their choice, by marking a 1 for their favorite, 2 for their second choice, 3 for their third choice and so on (FairVote Instant Runoff). Although there are other ways (perhaps even better!) of doing RCV, for the purposes of this paper, I will be specifically discussing the form known as Instant-Runoff voting as it appears to be the most feasible to implement in our current political situation. [G4][G5] In this system, if no candidate has a clear majority of first votes, the trailing candidate may be dropped and the first votes for the dropped candidate are eliminated. Then, the second choices of the voters who voted first for the dropped candidate are distributed to the remaining candidates. This process is repeated until a candidate has a clear majority of the vote.[G6] The main advantage of Ranked Choice Voting is that the eventual candidate chosen better represents the consensus of voters. As candidates are unlikely to earn the majority of votes in the first round of counting, candidates may moderate their rhetoric in an attempt to earn second place votes (Aceproject, 2017); The candidates may tamp down on their own campaigns negative ads in order to not alienate potential voters, and they would want to appeal to the greatest possible base. Since voting for a third party candidate in this system is less risky, a wider variety of interests would likely be represented. As an example, in the recent election, a person could safely cast their first vote for Jill Stein and their second for Sanders and so on without spoiling their vote and splitting the ticket for a more popular candidate that they might agree less with, such as Clinton. As voters would not be forced to vote for the lesser of two evils, one might expect to see a proliferation of more diverse third parties that better represent [G7]the constituents desires. I believe that if Ranked Choice Voting is adopted broadly across the United States, voters will feel more satisfied with the results of the election[8] At first, I though that RCV was just an academic exercise, thought up by some Poli-Sci grad student working on their thesis[G9], but I was surprised to learn that Ranked Choice Voting has already been put to effective use worldwide and has proven to be a reliable system for several decades now[10]. For example, it is used in such diverse races as parliamentary elections in Australia (Paul, Owen, 2013), presidential elections in Ireland (Citizens Information, 2016), and in municipal elections in Minneapolis and Saint Paul (City of Minneapolis). [G11] Recently, the State of Maine voted to adopt an Instant Runoff system for congressional, senatorial, and gubernatorial elections (Grabar, 2016). According to a study funded by Fairvote, an electoral reform advocacy group, citizens in cities that have adopted RCV report that campaigns are less negative, that the system is easily understandable, and that they believe that it should be adopted more widely (Tolbert, et al). As people realize that the current form of voting isnt the only choice available, I believe that voters will increasingly demand RCV from election committees.[G12] However, there are several legitimate issues with Ranked Choice Voting that need to be addressed; Jason McDaniels of San Francisco State University believes that increasing the complexity of voting is much more cognitively demanding than merely choosing a preference For some, this may seem like a small change, but for others, it could make the already daunting task of being an informed voter even more challenging. Decades of research show us that when voting is made more complex, it tends to lead to lower participation and more unequal outcomes. (McDaniels, 2016). However, studies taking place in Californian cities that have adopted RCV paint a different picture. Nearly 90% of those polled reported that they had an easy time understanding how their ballots worked (Tolbert, et al). Perhaps, pre-election day, a city or state could wage a concentrated, multimedia campaign to educate voters on the new system. A multifaceted approach utilizing TV news spots, radio jingles, and mailed remi nder cards could be particularly effective. Another possible issue with RCV is that confused voters may simply list their preference by order in which the candidates appear on the ballot, as has been the case in Australia. This problem could perhaps be solved by holding a random drawing each election to determine in which order the candidates are listed on the ballot (AEC, 2016). In conclusion, I believe that seriously examining the institutions of our society and critically deconstructing their use and origin will help to build a more perfect union. It is important to recognize that structural systems have a large impact on our daily life and to realize that they are not unchangeable. Due to the effects of the recent election, I am very cognizant of how our electoral system alienates the very people that it was created to represent. Rather than giving into resignation, I have researched the issue and have come up with at least a very general course of action that could be taken to avoid another divisive election. I hope that I have interested you in the topic of electoral reform and encourage you to research the topic yourself and come to your own conclusions.[13] An informed and active citizenship is the best guarantee for the continuation of the republican ideal. Work Cited FairVote (No publication date). Ranked Choice Voting / Instant Runoff. FairVote. http://www.fairvote.org/rcv#rcvbenefits. Accessed 19 February. 2017 Minneapolis Elections and Voter services (No publication date). Frequently Asked Questions about Ranked-Choice Voting. The city of Minneapolis.[G14] http://vote.minneapolismn.gov/rcv/what-is-rcv. Accessed 19 February. 2017 [G15] Paul, Owen (2013). How does Australias voting system work?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/14/how-does-australia-s-voting-system-work. Accessed 19 February 2017 McDaniels, Jason. (2016). What Ive found researching ranked-choice voting: It makes voting harder, lowers participation. Bangor Daily News. http://bangordailynews.com/2016/08/20/opinion/contributors/what-ive-found-researching-ranked-choice-voting-it-makes-voting-harder-lowers-participation/. Accessed 19 February. 2017 Aceproject. (No publication date) Advantages and disadvantages of first past the post. ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. http://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/es/esd/esd01/esd01a/esd01a01. Accessed 20 February. 2017 Pew Research Center. (2017). Early public attitudes about Donald Trump. People-Press.org. http://www.people-press.org/2017/02/16/1-early-public-attitudes-about-donald-trump/ Accessed 22 February 2017. Pew Research Center. (2016). Voters evaluation of the campaigns. People-Press.org. http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/21/voters-evaluations-of-the-campaign/ Accessed 22 February 2017. Citizens information. (2016). Proportional Representation. The [G16]Republic of Ireland. http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/voting/proportional_representation.html. Accessed 22 February 2017. Grabar, Henry. (2016). Maine Just Voted for a Better Way to Vote. Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2016/11/maine_just_passed_ranked_choice_voting_bravo.html. Accessed 22 February 2017. Tolbert, Caroline, et al. (No publication date). Ranked Choice Voting in Practice. Fairvote https://fairvote.app.box.com/v/APSA-Civility-Brief-2015. Accessed 22 February 2017 Trotta, Daniel. (2013). Iraq War cost US more than $2 trillion: study. Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-war-anniversary-idUSBRE92D0PG20130314. Accessed 22 February 2017. AEC. (2016). Positions on the ballot paper, draw for the Senate and draw for the House of Representatives. Australian Elections Commission[G17]. http://www.aec.gov.au/Voting/ballot-draw.htm. Accessed 23 February 2017. Jones, Jeffrey. (2004). The Nader Factor. Gallup.com. http://www.gallup.com/poll/10798/nader-factor.aspx. Accessed 22 February 2017 [G1]Deleted:, [G2]Deleted:u [G3]Inserted: , [G4]Deleted:u [G5]Deleted:. [G6]Inserted: s [G7]Inserted: , [8]This is a strong point in favor. Think of all the recent turmoil after the election. If everyone was content with the outcome of the election (even if they didnt get their first pick), that would be a great motivation to change the voting system. You could probably expound more on this point, or why you believe it to be true. [G9]Inserted: , [10]This is another strong point. The best predictor for success is past success. Nice! [G11]Deleted:, [G12]Inserted: n [13]Your two most important paragraphs are the first, and the last. In the first, you tell your audience what youre going to say, and in the last, you tell your audience what youve said. The last sentence will likely stay with your reader. After you recap your essay in the last paragraph, leave them with a final deep thought or conclusive statement that sums up your argument and/or point. Or maybe something theatrically doomsday-ish. Perhaps, The election of Trump is a direct consequence of our current voting system; If we dont take a good, hard look at the way we currently push people into power, the consequences could get even worst. A bit much perhaps, but its your final punch to convince the reader that this is something they need to act on. [G14]Inserted: The c [G15]Deleted:C [G16]Inserted: The [G17]Inserted: s

Construction: Depletion of Copper, Tin, & Zinc :: Geology

Construction: Depletion of Copper, Tin, & Zinc Building Construction procedures involve the erection of various types of structures. The major trend in present-day construction continues away from handcrafting at the building site and toward on-site assembly of even larger, more integrated subassemblies manufactured away from the site. Construction in the United States is the product of a diverse group of subindistries, with many individuals and organizations involved in the construction of a single structure, from the manufacture of necessary components to final assembly. The major elements of a building are as follows: (1) the foundation, which supports the building and provides stability; (2) the structure, which supports all the imposed loads and transmits them to the foundation; (3) the exterior walls, which may or may not be part of the primary supporting structure; (4) the interior partitions, which also may or may not be part of the primary structure; (5) the environmental- control systems, including the heating, vent ilating, air-conditioning, lighting, and acoustical systems; (6) the vertical transportation systems, including elevators, escalators, and stairways; (7) communications, which may include such subsystems as intercommunications, public address , and closed-circuit television, as well as the more usual telephone wiring systems; and (8) the power, water supply, and waste disposal systems. What is Copper? Copper, symbol Cu, a brownish-red metallic element is one of the most widely used metals. Copper was know to prehistoric people and was probably the first metal from which useful articles were made. Copper objects have been found among the remains of many ancient civilizations, including those of Egypt, Asia Minor, China, southeastern Europe, Cyprus ( from which the word copper is derived), and Crete. Because of its many desirable properties, such as its conductivity of electricity and heat, its resistance to corrosion, its malleability and ductility, and its beauty, copper has long been used in a wide variety of applications. The principle uses are electrical, because of copper's extremely high conductivity, which is second only to that of silver. It can be used in outdoor power lines and cables, as well as in house wiring, lamp cords, and electrical machinery such as generators, motors, controllers, signaling devices, electromagnets, and communications equipment. Pure copper is soft but can be hardened somewhat by being worked. Alloys of copper, which are far harder and stronger than the pure metal, have higher resistance and so cannot be used for electrical purposes.

Communication and Society

Can ideas from the past be useful in our modern day problems? The answer is yes, because people do not want to repeat the mistakes their ancestors made in the past. But some of the mistakes may be repeated due to it being inevitable. After World War II, the press was free to criticize whomever they want, and it appeared to the world that our press was irresponsible. And when Marcos became the president, he did not want the Media to overpower him, He was the president and he thought that having been seated in the top most position he should have absolute power, he couldn’t have the media scrutinizing him for every move he makes. Our grandparents and parents use to say that Marcos reign was the prime era of the Philippines because of the good deeds he has done for the country, but little did they know that his good image is due to the fact that Marcos has a leash on the mass media to prevent news of his somewhat malicious intentions on killing journalist who publish bad news about him. Media is a politician’s biggest opponent. The use of Media might have supported the government/politicians on campaigns but when fooled or did not kept their promise, The media has the power to ruin you in an indirect manner. When a government is hiding something, it will not last long for it to come out. As technology advances, being in a progressing country, truth be told, we always get left behind when it comes to new things. We have learned to make movies from the Western World, but in the present day, why couldn’t we make movies as good as them? Why can we only make films with so little special effects? Is it because we still lack the technology to do so? The problem is with us, Filipinos already made some animation films, but due to not having met the standards of American animations, we tend to ignore it. If we have supported our own, animation might have progressed in the world of Filipino film. Why is the trend in movies nowadays having an extramarital affair with another woman? Because it reflects the society, it shows the realism about the lives of ordinary citizen in a more glamorous and sophisticated manner, and we Filipinos love that, since many of us have lives that are routine and unexciting, we spice things up a bit by imagining life through celebrities, since they have the money, the status and influence we wish we had. Why don’t we Filipinos get tired of watching the same old stereotyped characters in melodramas? Why don’t we try themes that are based on sex, crime and drugs on television shows? The protagonist always win and the antagonist is always the loser. Why can’t the antagonist win in the end, instead of dying or be imprisoned? Since most of us are all Catholics, The Filipinos are not ready to take on new themes that would contradict the belief of the Church, that evil will finally defeat the good. That is the very reason why we are trapped in a never-ending cycle of protagonist vs. ntagonist themes. We sometimes think if the news that had been reported on the television or the newspaper is really news worthy? Much likely the â€Å"Amalayer† issue, should it have stayed on youtube instead? The problem with people today is the lack of common sense. An issue concerning the â€Å"Amalayer† situation, wherein a student confronted a lady guard who was working i n a train station and that the guard was accusing her of lying. The woman was identified as a student of a known school in Manila. This was videotaped by a passenger and was uploaded in the internet, this issue became a trend in Social Networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Common sense would tell most of us that causing a commotion in public would easily destroy not only our reputation, but have lessen our dignity as well. Basically the role of the mass media is to inform the people and comment about the issues regarding the society, but this issue doesn’t concern us at all, it is just a dispute between a student and an employee. Will we benefit something from watching this? It was basically posted in the internet so that other people could criticize and pass judgement on the girl to how she was treating the lady guard. In our modern society, the Philippine Media clearly reflects the society, since us Filipinos are easily influenced, an example is the Korean wave in 2009, bright and colourful outfits, hairstyles that I couldn’t even describe, eating Kimchi and most of us even studied the Korean language. The television was bombarded with Korean dramas. It is not only the Korean wave but the whole purpose of the media is to influence the society, we tend to imitate what we see in television. People go to a plastic surgeon, so they can look like their favourite celebrity, some would even go to the extent of having two of their ribs remove just to have a waistline they see on supermodels walking down the catwalk. These are the circumstances that will test a person’s ethical behaviour, from what they perceive on national television, if what they will acquire is good or bad, moral or immoral, appropriate or inappropriate. Ethics not only promotes a better individual but a better society.

Treasury Report

{TOPIC} AN ASSESSMENT OF TREASURY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BASED ON ITS REVENUE. BY: NAME: ONIFADE AYOMIDE OLUWATOBA MATRIC NO: 09/SMS02/015 BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT THAT IS TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING FACULTY OF AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. SC) HONS IN ACCOUNTING. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1. 1Background of the study CHAPTER TWO 2. 0Literature Review CHAPTER THREE 3. 0Research MethodologyCHAPTER FOUR 4. 0Data Presentation and analysis CHAPTER FIVE 5. 0Summary 5. 1Conclusion. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Local government in any nation like Nigeria is an entity through which government and its policies are carried to the grass root. The government body of such an entity is selected or otherwise locally selected. It constitutes an integral party of a country overall political structure. The cr eation of local government is made by the law of the state government with intention of bringing government to the people.It is clearly understand that even if the machinery of the state government stops franchising law and order will still prevail, if local council in Nigeria continues to exist. According to Okoli (1998) local government exist to fell the gasp which the national government is to remote to fell, it bring the national government closer to the people and make its impact feet in all the nooks and cronies of the society. By implication the national government through thus medium caters for the grassroots. Local government plays vital roles in the development of the country.It can also be maintained that should local government machinery ground to a half, there is bound to be chosen and confusion. They are the overall of authority and it is through them that the provision of all facilities and services aimed at giving the people higher standard of living and maintenance of law and order can be made. Accordingly attempts have been made at different stages of the country political life to modify the local administrative system and to make them perform their role and function.But in spite of these efforts, the local government authorities continue to exhibit evidences of poor performance. Thus had led to the federal government affairs and eventual entrenchment of the system in the country’s constitution. According to Gbenga (2001) local government can be defined as the process through which government and its policies are carried to the grassroots, and stressed that during the early stage of local government in Nigeria (Gowon) which lasted from 1967-1975 the different state operated different system of local government.In the Northern state, the emirs retained some of their powers and influence because the counselors appointed by the military Governors where traditionally and spiritually expected to defer to the authority of the emirs. The East ern state and in the Midwest states abandoned the councilor system adopted the French system of decantation. In the west state Governor who had initially posted sole administration of local government areas where forced by the tax revolts of the late 1960s to reintroduce local government participation.Mustapha (2003)local government also become conduct pipe for cooting of national treasury for instance, elite cline of local government Chairman called the â€Å"Association of local government of Nigeria (ALGON) reportedly mandate the maximum military leader to deduct local government funds for the purchase of two Toyota land-cruiser jeeps for all LGA chairman, while the other belong to the police to facilitate effective policy and combat of armed robbery. Harriman (2006) local government is not creatures of state government, but one of the tiers of government of this country.Every effort should be made to allow local government councils to operate with prestige and not as beggar. Th erefore, the provision of funds and its disbursement in local government to perform its stated roles. So, importance of sound and effective management of the treasuring of a local government authority cannot be over stressed. Without effective treasuring management, the policies adopted by alocal authority in a great variety of field may not be successfully implemented comprehensive arrangement are therefore in force in all states for exercise of internal and external control over the treasuring of local government authority.But very little and in some cases, virtually no regard has been paid to the need for effective, progressive management of treasuring of local government authority. The management of treasury in the local government should be taken as a tool for controlling the activities of local authority in the country. Without proper and effective management of fund of a local government, the overall affair of the local government will be properly managed, as there will be no constant payment of staff salary, maintenance of law and order, provision of infrastructural facilities and execration of capital project.The treasuring management is a type of control exercise by the management within an organization. It is very important where the size of the organization is high and where the government of a state found it very difficult to have direct contact with the routine operation of the organization. 1. 1STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Large scale misappropriation of fund in public offices has now becomes a common practices in the society. And the local government is not exempted.Thus had led to performance in terms of services rendered to the people in spite of this modification there still exist a poor performance which is evidence in the case of the local government. This ineffectively can be traced to some factors of which poor treasuring management is one. So in this study, we will consider what constitute on effective treasury management and also how ineff iciency in the treasury can be avoided. 1. 2OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to provide: a)an attempt to closely look at how assessment is the treasury management, roblem and remedies in local government council in relation to the performance of roles and functions of their areas of authority. b)The length of area to which the treasury management process can contribute to the success or otherwise of a local affairs. c)What roles needs to be played by both the top level and lower level management for treasury management process to succeed in local government authority. d)The federal and state government involvement towards the attachment of defectives treasury management in a local government authority. )An overview of treasury management operation in local authorities f)An analysis of best practice and g)A basis for local governments to examine their own procedures to evaluate their performances so that improvements can be introduced where necessary. In view of the importance of treasury management in a local government is enumerated above, it is necessary also to look up into the treasury management procedure and practice employed by modern local government authority in order to accomplish their goals.Accordingly, this study will make an appraisal of the treasury management policy and practices employed by Ado local government concerned with a view of determining: A. To what extent has the proper treasury management helped the local government in performing the specific function of the local government? B. What procedure and techniques are employ by the local government in monitoring the effective treasury management? C. What principles difficulties are been faced by both management and lower level staff in treasury management planning and implementing?D. What condition is necessary in a board government to ensure effective treasury management? E. What (if any) are the probable causes of deviation in the planned and actual operation of treasu ry management and how they are redressed? F. What roles are being played by the treasurer of a local government in treasury management? 1. 3SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study focuses on treasury management system as a means of promoting proper accountability within an organization with a particular reference to Ado local government.This study will perform test and review the internal control system and the internal check that already exist in the organization. There will be careful study of the operation of the following division. ?Finance/Treasury Division ?Audit Division ?Budget and Planning Division ?Chairman / Sole Administrator 1. 4SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The outcome of this research work will be useful to the organization under reference because if the recommendation were adopted loopholes and other weakness in the existing internal control system would be exposed.This will urge the management to strengthen or if necessary build a new comprehensive treasury management which would promote proper accountability within an organization. The research work will also serve as a valuable document for students, business executives, middle management staff and other people who wish to consolidate their knowledge on treasury management. The result will also be essential to all government officers who are presently witnessing large scale of misapplication of fund and poor accountability. 1. 5DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH QUESTION The following are working hypothesis, which would be tested.Null and alternative hypothesis which are usually denoted by Ho and Hi, Ho: a)That well qualified personnel are employed as accounting staff and should be well – motivated in term of salaries and other fringe benefit. b)That proper internal control of the treasury management would improves staff warmth, skill and knowledge. c)That an effective treasury management is capable of executing materials frauds and error and also promotes proper accountability in an organizati on. d)That effective treasury management will enable the local government affairs its objective and standard. )The effective treasury management promotes effectives management funds. f)That management ensures reliability accounting information and document. In this study, the following questions were asked with a view of finding solution to the operation of the treasury management process. a)How important is treasury as a unit of operation in the performance of local government function and roles. b)What roles must treasurer play in the attachment of standard treasury management in the local government? c)What are the contribution of the state and the federal government toward attachment of treasury management standard in all the local government? )What are the causes of proper treasury management failure? e)What are the causes of derivation in planned and actual operation. 1. 6DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Treasurer: he is the head of the treasury department, he manages and control the fi nance of the local authority. He keeps record of all money received or spent. 2. Auditor: he sees to the check and balance of all financial transaction of the local government. 3. Vote Book: it is use in recording all expenditure and liabilities incurred by the vote controller entrusted with the management of fund of the department. . Petty Cash Book: this is an imprest book, which is kept to meet expenditure of items whose payment voucher cannot be presented immediately. 5. Capital pay office responsible for physical cash and cheque payment of wages and salaries, pension and contract. 6. Receiving Cashier: responsible of collection of cash from outsiders who make payment on fines, licenses etc and also revenue granted by revenue collector. 7. Financial Account Unit: involved in preparation of final account as well as other financial statement of local government.